Tag Plants

Orchid Cactus Love

drstaceynaito Leave a comment

Epiphyllum pumilum

Earlier this year, I was lured into the world of Epiphyllum, also known as Orchid Cacti, and I quickly became a huge fan. It all started with an Epiphyllum ackermannii cutting I got as a freebie along with a plant order from EpiPlants on Etsy. I now have 16 different cultivars in my collection, and I look forward to the time when they eventually start blooming.

Epiphyllum — commonly called “orchid cacti” — are tropical forest cacti known for their dramatic flowers and flattened, leaf-like stems. Unlike desert cacti, they evolved in humid jungles of Central and South America, where many species grow attached to tree branches rather than rooted in dry ground.

What Orchid Cacti Look Like

Orchid cacti usually have:

  • Long, flattened green stems called cladodes that resemble thick leaves
  • Arching or trailing growth habits
  • Smooth or scalloped stem edges depending on species
  • Very small or nearly invisible spines
  • Epiphytic growth habits (many naturally grow on trees)

The stems can hang several feet long, making them popular in hanging baskets. Some species have deeply lobed stems, while hybrids may have broad paddle-like growth.

Unlike the stereotypical desert cactus, orchid cacti look lush, tropical, and almost vine-like.

What the Blooms Look Like

The flowers are the main attraction.

Orchid cactus blooms are often:

  • Huge — commonly 4–10 inches across
  • Highly fragrant in many species
  • Funnel-shaped or starburst-shaped
  • Extremely colorful

Colors include:

  • White
  • Pink
  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Purple
  • Bi-colors and striped hybrids

Some species bloom only at night and are pollinated by moths or bats. Others bloom during the day.

One famous relative is Epiphyllum oxypetalum, often called the “Queen of the Night,” whose giant white flowers open for a single night and release a powerful sweet fragrance.

Many modern hybrids produce flowers so ornate they resemble orchids, which is where the common name “orchid cactus” comes from.

How Many Varieties Exist?

There are two ways to answer this:

True Species

Botanists recognize roughly 15–20 accepted wild species in the genus Epiphyllum, though classifications shift as taxonomy changes.

Examples include:

  • Epiphyllum oxypetalum
  • Epiphyllum anguliger
  • Epiphyllum guatemalense
  • Epiphyllum crenatum

Hybrids and Cultivars

This is where the numbers explode.

There are:

  • Thousands of registered hybrids
  • Decades of breeding by collectors and cactus societies
  • Endless flower color combinations and forms

Hybrid orchid cacti are especially popular because breeders selected for:

  • Larger blooms
  • More vivid colors
  • Repeat blooming
  • Daytime flowering
  • Compact growth habits

Some collectors maintain hundreds of named cultivars.

Care Needs

Orchid cacti are easier than many people expect once you understand they are jungle cacti, not desert cacti.

Light

They prefer:

  • Bright indirect light
  • Morning sun
  • Filtered light

Too much harsh afternoon sun can scorch stems.

A bright east-facing window or shaded patio is ideal.

Water

They need more water than desert cacti.

General rule:

  • Water when the top inch of mix dries slightly
  • Keep evenly moist during active growth
  • Reduce watering somewhat in winter

Avoid:

  • Bone-dry soil for long periods
  • Constant soggy conditions

Humidity

They appreciate moderate humidity because of their rainforest origins.

Ideal conditions:

  • 40–60% humidityDity or higher
  • Good airflow

Dry indoor air may reduce blooming.

Soil

Use a loose, airy mix with excellent drainage.

Good mixes often contain:

  • Orchid bark
  • Perlite
  • Coco coir or peat moss
  • Pumice or perlite
  • Small amounts of potting soil

Heavy cactus desert mixes are often too dry and mineral-heavy.

Temperature

Best range:

  • 55–80°F (13–27°C)

Many varieties benefit from:

  • Cooler nighttime temperatures in fall
  • Slight winter rest periods to encourage flowering

Most are not frost tolerant.

Fertilizer

Feed lightly during spring and summer.

A balanced or bloom fertilizer works well:

  • Monthly or biweekly at diluted strength

Too much nitrogen may produce stems but fewer flowers.

Blooming Tips

To encourage flowers:

  1. Give bright indirect light
  2. Avoid overpotting
  3. Provide slightly cooler nights in fall
  4. Reduce watering modestly in winter
  5. Let plants mature — some need a few years before blooming heavily

Once mature, healthy plants can produce dozens of blooms in a season.

Popular Types

Epiphyllum anguliger

Known for zigzag stems that resemble fish skeletons.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum

Large colorful hybrid flowers.

Disocactus ackermannii

Brilliant red flowers and trailing stems.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum

Night-blooming fragrant white flowers.

Why Collectors Love Them

Orchid cacti attract collectors because:

  • Flowers can be spectacularly large
  • Some blooms are intensely fragrant
  • Hybrids vary enormously
  • Plants are easy to propagate from cuttings
  • Mature hanging specimens become dramatic showpieces

A blooming orchid cactus can look almost unreal — huge tropical flowers emerging from simple green stems.

The African Milk Tree

drstaceynaito Leave a comment

Euphorbia trigona, also known as the African Milk Tree, is a striking succulent often mistaken for a cactus, though it actually belongs to the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). It’s popular as a houseplant because of its sculptural shape and relatively easy care.

🌍 Origins

Euphorbia trigona is native to central and western Africa, particularly regions like Cameroon. In its natural habitat, it grows in warm, semi-arid environments with plenty of sunlight. It has long been cultivated both locally and globally, so its exact wild origin range is a bit blurred by human propagation.

🌿 Appearance

This plant has a very distinctive look:

  • Growth form: Upright, columnar stems that branch upward, giving it a candelabra-like shape
  • Stems: Triangular (hence trigona), with ridges lined by small paired spines
  • Leaves: Small, oval leaves grow along the ridges; they’re usually green but can be reddish in some varieties
  • Color varieties:
    • Standard green
    • “Rubra” or “Royal Red” form with reddish stems and leaves

Although it resembles a cactus, it differs in structure and produces a milky white sap (latex), which is typical of spurges and can be irritating or toxic if handled improperly.

📏 How Tall Can It Get?

Height depends heavily on where it’s grown:

  • Indoors: Typically reaches 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 m), though with time and good conditions it can grow taller
  • Outdoors (warm climates): Can reach 10–15 feet (3–4.5 m) or more, forming a large shrub-like structure

It grows relatively fast compared to many succulents, especially with bright light and consistent care. When I bought my Euphorbia trigona in 2021, it was about 18 inches tall. One spring, it shot up about 2 feet, which I never expected. About a year and a half ago, a close friend and I decided to move it from my second-floor balcony to the side yard on the first floor. My reasoning was that it was almost 6 feet tall, and would be almost impossible to move from the balcony if it got much larger. As you can see in the photo, it is now 7-1/2 feet tall!

The Benefits of Houseplants

drstaceynaito Leave a comment

Since one of my biggest interests lies in houseplants, I thought I should cover the health benefits of growing greenery within a household. Houseplants offer a range of health benefits, both physical and mental, making them a great addition to any home or office space. Here are some of the key benefits:

1. Improved Air Quality

One of the most well-known benefits of houseplants is their ability to purify indoor air. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. Additionally, certain houseplants, such as peace lilies, spider plants, and snake plants, are known to remove toxins from the air, including formaldehyde, benzene, and trichloroethylene. This can lead to cleaner, fresher air indoors, which may help reduce respiratory issues and improve overall health.

2. Stress Reduction

Several studies have shown that being around plants can help reduce stress and anxiety. The presence of greenery has a calming effect, potentially lowering heart rates and blood pressure. Simply interacting with plants—whether it’s watering them, trimming leaves, or just admiring their beauty—can trigger a relaxation response, helping you feel more grounded and less overwhelmed. Houseplants offer a range of health benefits, both physical and mental, making them a great addition to any home or office space. The best part of having a large collection of houseplants is that my home has a Bohemian, Zen-like feel to it which people find relaxing and welcoming.

I will say that watering the plants in my collection is a bit of a hassle, even considering the fact that I only water half of the plants each week. Part of the issue is that I have over 100 plants inside my home, and many of them are suspended from ceiling hooks, making it necessary for me to cart around a stepladder on plant watering day. However, as long as you have a manageable assortment of plants in your residence, the task shouldn’t be too strenuous.

3. Enhanced Mood and Mental Health

Houseplants can have a positive impact on mental well-being. Studies suggest that spending time around plants can improve mood, reduce feelings of fatigue, and increase feelings of calm and contentment. The act of caring for a plant, and the sense of responsibility that comes with it, can also boost feelings of accomplishment and purpose. For people experiencing mild depression or anxiety, the nurturing of plants can offer therapeutic benefits, acting as a form of mindfulness or relaxation practice.

4. Improved Productivity and Concentration

Research has shown that having plants in the workspace or at home can improve focus, cognitive function, and productivity. Plants can increase attention span, enhance memory retention, and even promote creativity. In offices, employees with plants in their workspaces often report higher satisfaction, fewer sick days, and improved mental clarity. The presence of plants can help people feel more connected to nature, even in an urban setting.

5. Better Humidity and Temperature Regulation

Houseplants naturally release moisture into the air through a process called transpiration, which can help maintain a more balanced level of humidity in the home. This is particularly helpful in environments where air conditioning or heating systems dry out the air. Proper humidity can reduce the risk of dry skin, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. Additionally, plants can help moderate temperature fluctuations by absorbing sunlight and releasing moisture, leading to a more stable and comfortable living environment.

6. Better Sleep

Certain plants, like lavender and jasmine, have been shown to promote better sleep. The calming scents emitted by these plants may help to lower anxiety levels and encourage relaxation before bedtime. Moreover, the act of caring for plants and spending time in nature can also help you develop healthier sleep habits by reducing stress during the day.

7. Boost to Immune System

Some research suggests that exposure to plants and nature can have a positive effect on the immune system. Spending time in green spaces, even within your home, can increase the production of white blood cells, which help defend against illness. Additionally, houseplants can encourage you to spend more time in your living space, which could lead to healthier habits, such as better hydration, nutrition, and sleep, all of which support a stronger immune system.

8. Reduction in Noise Pollution

Houseplants can also absorb sound, which helps reduce noise levels in indoor environments. In a busy home or office, the presence of plants can create a more peaceful atmosphere by dampening echoes and muffling background noise. This can lead to improved concentration and overall well-being, particularly in noisy urban environments.

9. Connection to Nature

Having plants in your home helps foster a sense of connection to the natural world. In urban environments, where access to parks and green spaces may be limited, indoor plants can provide a touch of nature, helping to counteract the effects of “nature-deficit disorder” (a term coined by Richard Louv to describe the negative impact of disconnection from nature). This connection can improve your mental and emotional well-being, helping you feel more grounded and centered.

10. Aesthetic and Environmental Benefits

In addition to the direct health benefits, houseplants also improve the aesthetic value of a space, making it feel more welcoming and vibrant. A well-decorated home or office with plants can enhance your environment, making it feel more lively and positive. This positive visual impact can indirectly boost your mood and contribute to a healthier mindset.

Final Thoughts

Integrating houseplants into your environment can be a simple yet effective way to enhance both physical and mental well-being. Whether you’re looking to improve air quality, reduce stress, boost productivity, or just make your home more inviting, the presence of plants can have far-reaching benefits for your health. And the best part is that they require relatively little effort to maintain, making them an easy and accessible way to improve your overall quality of life.

Wisteria Strong

drstaceynaito Leave a comment
© virtosmedia, 123RF Free Images

Wisteria is a beautiful vining plant which fascinates me, mostly because my surname means “among the wisteria”. However, I never knew how hardy wisteria was until very recently, so it holds even more symbolism for me now. The blossoms on a wisteria vine are absolutely gorgeous, but it turns out that the Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) are invasive when planted in gardens and forests in the United States. Evidently, the root system of a wisteria plant can extend up to one mile, which means that wisteria vines in yards across a neighborhood are most likely from a single specimen.

Here is a great video explanation of what non-native wisteria plants do in U.S. soil:

Spring Island Trust

If you live in the United States and are considering planting wisteria, you might want to consider American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens), because it is far less aggressive than its Chinese or Japanese counterparts. Interestingly enough, the type of wisteria which is most commonly planted in American gardens is the Japanese version, and the wisteria plant which adorns the security gate where I live is the Japanese variety. That seems fitting for me, considering the meaning of my last name and the fact that it is a Japanese name!

My Longest Trailing Plants

drstaceynaito Leave a comment

I thought it might be fun to cover the trailing plants in my collection which have been the most rewarding in terms of growth. They all exhibit the longest trailing vines among my collection of close to 150 plants.

This Scindapsus pictus was purchased in January 2021, and this image was shot on January 23rd, 2021.
In three months, the Scindapsus pictus I mentioned in the previous image has grown significantly, which you can see here (this image was taken on April 25th, 2021).

__________________________________________________________________________________

This is another Scindapsus pictus which was bought at the same time the one in the first image was acquired. The longest stem on this one measures 63 inches from the edge of the pot to the tip, and is seen running along the ceiling hooks along with another trailing vine. You can see that there are three other vines which are colliding with the Pachira (which is also growing like mad) which is underneath it. I can’t keep up with the growth on this one!

__________________________________________________________________________________

I got this Senecio radicans in June of 2020. Here it is pictured with the vines just starting to extend beyond the bottom of the pot.
The longest vine on the Senecio radicans from above measures 46 inches in this image, which was taken on April 25th, 2021.

__________________________________________________________________________________

Finally, this is a shot of my longest Hoya linearis, taken on April 25th, 2021. The longest strand measures at 33 inches.

__________________________________________________________________________________

I am so impressed by and proud of my beautiful trailing plants!

Who Names Their Plants?

drstaceynaito Leave a comment
Image ID : 164070565
Source: 123rf.com
Copyright : Olga Ionina

On more than one occasion, friends have asked me if my plants have been christened with names.  For the most part, I have not gone to the trouble to name all of my plants, mainly because I personally feel that it is unnecessary and silly for me to do so.  I’m not knocking anyone who chooses to name all their plants, but the desire is, for the most part, absent in me.

So how do I discern between the close to 150 indoor plants which surround me at home?  I tend to use certain descriptors when I scribble my plant watering notes each week (yes, I keep track of which plants get watered in a given week), and those descriptors are pretty straight forward.  Usually, I will use the species name as a label, and if I have numerous specimens, I will write down the location of the plant. For example, I have two Hoya shepherdii, both of which are suspended over the two sinks in my master bath, so I refer to the one as “L shepherdii” and the other as “R shepherdii”.  I realize these labels aren’t exciting, but they are effective in helping me to keep track of my plants when I am watering them. 

However, there are three plants with bona fide names which I bestowed upon them, one of which was named the day I received it, one which was christened with a name about a month after it joined the plant brood, and one which earned its name after it exhibited an astonishing rate of growth.  While two of the names are quite fitting for the characteristics the two plant babies possess, one name is reflective of the species of the plant, and quite honestly reveals how lazy I was about using a lengthy German name when I could truncate it and use a fun name.

Sid:  Sid is a Ferocactus emoryi, “Emory’s barrel cactus”

My dear friend Blanche was at my house when I received Sid in the mail as a freebie which arrived along with a much-coveted monkey cactus I had ordered. As soon as I saw this spiky cactus, a name just popped into my head, and I exclaimed to Blanche, “For some reason, I really feel like this little guy needs a name!”, to which Blanche responded with, “I do too, and I’m thinking of a name too! If you say the same name I’m thinking of, I’ll freak!” The name which had popped into my head was Sid Vicious, so I revealed this to Blanche, who immediately squealed and said, “That’s the EXACT name I thought of too!” Later that day, I ordered a Sex Pistols mug to house the Emory’s barrel cactus.

Fred: Monstera adansonii ‘Friedrichsthalii’

This Monstera adansonii Friedrichsthalii very quickly became “Fred” after I needed to find a way to distinguish it from my other Monstera adansonii.

Rapunzel: Senecio radicans “String of Bananas”

This Senecio radicans was quite short when I bought it in June of last year, and it struggled for about two months before I changed its hang spot to an area right near a bathroom window, and essentially let it dry out completely between waterings. From that point, this plant just took off, and got so incredibly lacy and long that I decided it deserved the name Rapunzel. The longest tendril on this plant was measured on April 23rd at 46 inches from the edge of the pot to the end, which is three inches longer than it was a month prior. This radicans has aptly earned its descriptive and accurate name.

For comparison, the plant pictured above is another Senecio radicans which I purchased in January of this year. Both the radicans which I purchased in January and Rapunzel were at the level which you see marked in yellow when I brought them into my home. I look forward to seeing Rapunzel’s sister grow as long as Rapunzel.

Since plant people are increasingly more committed to their plants, often considering them to be pets or family members, it’s no surprise that more people are naming their houseplants. I like Nicoletta Richardson’s idea of naming plants after travel destinations from her bucket list, but for me, and if I had the energy to put into naming ALL of my plants, I could definitely see myself becoming a copycat and doing the very same thing. But I’d rather stick with the assigned scientific nomenclature because it appeals strongly to my scientific nerdiness, as well as to my propensity for properly classifying and labeling things.